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PagerDuty/2013-04-13/18 min

Dual AWS region outage takes down notification dispatch

Jan 2013Dec 2013

Notification dispatch was completely down for 18 minutes after two of PagerDuty's three datacenters failed simultaneously; the events-ingestion API stayed up throughout.

Lesson

Redundancy plans must verify physical and network independence between supposedly separate failure domains, not just assume it from provider region boundaries.

A peering point shared by two AWS regions PagerDuty treated as independent datacenters degraded, taking both regions offline at once.

PagerDuty had designed for a single datacenter failure across three sites, but two of the three secretly shared a network peering point; when it degraded, both went down together, the dispatch cluster couldn't reach quorum under the resulting latency, and a coordinator misconfiguration slowed recovery further.

When asked to design a highly-available multi-region system, discuss how to verify true failure-domain independence between regions rather than trusting provider abstractions.

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